The Methodology of Terrorism Essay - 4280 Words

Terrorist organizations have been committing atrocities against innocent civilians throughout the world for hundreds of years. Terrorism has evolved in many different forms and from various motivations such as religious protest movements, political revolts, and social uprisings. Regardless of the motives for terror, the problem is the financing of terrorism and terrorist organizations themselves. Recent global terrorist attacks using high technology and extensive networks have shown that money is essential to provide the means behind all terrorist activities. Individual terrorists plan terrorist operations and require resources to live, prepare, and implement their plans. The use of money laundering and financial support schemes are†¦show more content†¦The immediate human victims of violence are generally chosen randomly or selectively from a target population, and serve as message generators. Threat and violence based communication processes between terrorist organiz ations, victims, and main targets, turning it into a target of terror, a target of demands, or a target of attention, depending on whether intimidation, coercion, or propaganda is primarily sought.† First, terrorism has a history that dates back over 2000 years, although â€Å"the terms â€Å"terrorism† and â€Å"terrorist† are of relatively recent date; the meaning of terrorism was given in the 1798 supplement of the Dictionnaire of the Academie Francaise as systeme, regime de la terreur.† Historically, terrorism has been broken down into two categories: pre-industrial era (pre 1870) and post industrial era (post 1900). It is often grouped this way because terrorism dramatically changed when the world began to industrialize. The industrialization of modernized cultures produced innovative technology such as: automatic weapons, global communication techniques, explosives and numerous other newly developed weapons that proved to be both beneficial and destructive. Terrorism, as it is defined and interpreted today, has been practiced throughout history and throughout every part of the world. According to Walter Laqueur, â€Å"One of the earliestShow Mo reRelatedThe Kingdom : An Attack American Accommodation Compound1434 Words   |  6 Pagestheories can be a way of finding out what causes terrorism. A general strain theory of terrorism can be defined as terrorism being more extreme than common crimes because it typically includes an assignment of severe violence against innocent civilians who have done nothing to directly provoke being victimize (Agnew, 2016). In addition, terrorists usually have the support of a sub-national group. Despite the fact, most adult terrorist will act alone. Terrorism is committed solely or in part for politicalRead MoreRisk Analysis : Risk Assessment1647 Words   |  7 Pages Risk Analysis Methodologies By: Cressandra R Dull Professor Hughbank HLSS505 Security Risk Management Throughout the many different types of establishments that currently exist today, there are risk assessments methodologies which are used to estimate or determine risk. According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Risk Lexicon (2010), risk assessment methodologies are defined as, â€Å"set of methods, principles, or rules used to identify and assess risk and to form prioritiesRead MoreAnalysis Of C. Christine Fair And Bryan Shepherd s Research Note1567 Words   |  7 Pagesupon demand for terrorism (also known as support) to address empirical lacunae in exploring detailed demographic and psychographic variables among fourteen countries with predominantly Muslim populations or with large Muslim minorities in 2002. Whereas many of previous research focused upon the supply of terrorist work force and the shared characteristics of terrorists, the present research note represents a quantitative effort to understand the segments of the demand for terrorism. The research noteRe ad MoreCritical Infrastructure : The United States Forward As A World Dominating Force Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesfor Transit Risk Assessment Method (Tool); it is one of the various types of analysis instruments that are used. To be clear, T.R.A.M is not a model, it is an asset tool; it remains a part of the underlying methodology framework for another model called Maritime Security Risk Assessment Methodology or M.S.R.A.M. in short. (Al-Mannai 2008). The T.R.A.M. tool helps evaluate the transportation sector. These two types together are not unique in themselves, for T.R.A.M. and M.S.R.A.M. have several of theRead MoreTechnology And The Criminal Justice System1009 Words   |  5 Pagesorganized crimes, such as terrorism. Since the terrorist attack to the twin towers on September 11, 2001, the federal government has passed several legislations to protect the American citizens from future attacks or threats. One such legislation that passed was the U.S. PARTIOT Act of 2001 (U niting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). The U.S. PATRIOT Act protects the American people from future terrorism actions. It allows investigatorsRead More Fighting the War on Terrorism Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagestrailblazer, the United States has earned the right and privilege to set the precedents in this unconventional war against terror. The ambiguity surrounding the issue of terrorism has been in large part responsible for the failure of past attempts at international cooperation on this matter. It is time to pursue alternative methodology. As Machiavelli implies, The [state] is expected to devise his own, new, remedies if the old ones will not suffice(Parel, 10). Surprisingly, the solution to this proverbialRead MoreThe Goals Of Risk Management Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pageshaving failing chances so as to guarantee nation’s success. Every nation is faced with hazards that may threaten its resilience, safety, and security. For instance, pandemics, transnational crime, malicious activity in cyberspace, natural disasters, terrorism, and accidents. To ensure these threats do not affect a nation is the responsibility of Department of Homeland Security and it adopts risk management key strategies (Manuj and Mentzer, 2008). The department uses risk management to be able to focusRead MoreGtd Flaws And Issues. Gtd Is Considered As One Of The Most1382 Words   |  6 Pagesmore suicide attacks in 2013 (619) than the previous peak in 2007 (359) during the Iraq war† [6], however these numbers are not accurate and show false rise of suicide attacks. Author compared it to the University of Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (CPOST) database, which have different numbers - â€Å"records 521 suicide attacks in 2007 and 423 in 2013† [6]. Unlike GTD, CPOST is concentrated only on suicide attacks, and use similar to GTD open sources but with the addition of other languages materialRead MoreFree Movement Policy1318 Words   |  6 PagesEmpirical Research Question Has the implementation of the European Union’s free movement policies led to a rise in domestic terrorism throughout its member states? Why In game theory, one of the more fascinating parts of current research is on how people make decisions that are sometimes against their own long-term interests if it gives a positive initial reaction. Sometimes, this can be extended to when an actor cannot reasonably determine their situation or its variables. This is an attemptRead MoreThe French Revolution First Popularized The Words Terrorist And Terrorism 1506 Words   |  7 Pages Whereas the French Revolution first popularized the words ‘terrorist’ and ‘terrorism’, its contemporary understanding differs from its revolutionary meaning in 1794. The serious economic difficulties, the threat of foreign invasions and the social structure of the French government are some of the causes that led to the fall of the monarchy in August 1792. Left without a constitution for almost three years and at the hands of a revolutionary government, the reign of terror suggests an example to

Is Egypt Afrocentric - 1072 Words

Ancient Egypt’s Afrocentricity Thesis: Due to geographic, cultural, and historic evidence, Egypt is an Afrocentric so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as Afrocentric. Abstract: Egypt, like all other African countries has an extensive history rich with a unique culture and belief system. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptian culture and history is buried under a synthesized backdrop for what is European history. Though the nation was influence by many cultures over the years, Egypt must still hold onto its true origins by rediscovering and challenging it’s own history in order to reinvent it as an Afrocentric nation that†¦show more content†¦Despite Egyptians being brainwashed into believing they are not a part of Africa, it can be seen that they are as integrated as the other 53 countries that share its continent. This can be seen through Egypt’s language and archeology. Language is important because, though it is diverse throughout the world, if its origins can be traced, it can determine how a nation began. In the case of Egypt, â€Å"Egyptian is a member of the Afro-Asiatic family which originated in Africa and was not importe d from Asia or Europe†. When the complete history of Egypt is looked at, it can be seen that it is, in fact Afro-centric despite the influences from other countries. In relation to archaeology, it suggests that early Egyptian culture rose directly through indigenous Africans. Archaeologists have also found that crops from the other side of the Nile River were integrated into the lifestyle of early Egyptians. In short, despite how much Egyptians refuse to accept Afrocentism as describing them; there are clear details that can prove Egypt’s core is African, not European or Mediterranean influence. Geography and race also play a big part in Egypt recognizing itself as African. In contrast to â€Å"traditional contextualization of Egypt in the ‘Mediterranean’ or ‘Near Eastern’† geographically, Egypt is in Africa. So naturally, the people in the nation share physical characteristics with those around them, asShow MoreRelatedIs Studying Ancie nt Egypt in Its African Context Afrocentric?856 Words   |  4 PagesIs Studying Ancient Egypt in its African Context Afrocentric? Studying Ancient Egypt is African context can be definitively distinguished as Afrocentric. Evidence of this is given from Ancient Egypt’s geographical location, the Ancient Egyptian culture, and linguistics. What is currently known as afrocentrism is a cultural ideology first formed from the work of late nineteenth century and early twentieth century African-American intellectuals. Afrocentrism manifested into its current formRead MoreAfrocentrism Versus Eurocentrism Essay examples4480 Words   |  18 Pagesinfluence of Arab, European, and Asian peoples from that of indigenous African achievements. This worldview places focus on African civilizations that existed long before Greek and Roman civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, Nubia, and Meroitic civilizations. Afrocentrism and Afrocentric scholars use history as a way of teaching Africans worldwide their history and culture and reverse the Eurocentric history that has been taught to them which diminish the African presence, and contribution to worldRead MoreThe Disuniting of America Reflection on a Multicultural Society1284 Words   |  6 Pagesreconstruction of their history and hoped to gain self-esteem from it. However, radical b lack scholars created a lot of man-made black heroes in the history and even asked for an Afrocentric history. And some of them started another debate about if the European civilization is the product of African civilization which enters Europe through Egypt. No one would deny that the black had through the most tragic and terrible exclusion by the white immigrants. But does it mean more compensatory history should be createdRead MoreThe History, Criticism And Theory Of The Arts935 Words   |  4 Pagescontinents. Recent scientific discoveries noted that it is increasingly likely that Africa is the â€Å"cradle of humanity† and it is highly unlikely that Africa was originally inhabited by outsiders from other continents. The first black civilizations in Egypt were the first civilizations in the world, European civilizations followed by a hundred thousand years, after the Ice Age (Diop 207). Diop continues to explain that other early African civilizations can be dated back to the first millennium B.C., likeRead MoreAn Autopsy Of Nuwaubianism, Black Nationalism, And The Epistemological Concepts Surrounding Separatist Theory1300 Words   |  6 PagesBlack separatists believe racial separation to be fundamental, even in today s socie ty? Method The All Eyes on Egipt bookstore in Bed Stuy served as the ideal location for field observation. Vivid depictions of ancestral ties rooted in ancient Egypt elaborately circled the room in paintings, sculptures, and moldings. Nuwaubian publications that question modern religion, government and everything as we know it, line the walls. Most noticeable, however, are the publications that question the originRead MoreThe Coronation Of Haile Selassie I As Emperor Of Ethiopia1760 Words   |  8 PagesGarvey when, in a newspaper article and after frequent correspondence with Selassie, he stated, The Psalmist prophesied that Princes would come out of Egypt and Ethiopia would stretch forth her hands unto God. We have no doubt that the time is now come. Ethiopia is now stretching forth her hands. It is a religious tradition that is Afrocentric in its upbringing and focuses on defending and protecting the dignity of Africans and those of African ancestry. The religion itself holds many beliefsR ead MoreRastafarianism Essay2120 Words   |  9 Pages(Garcia Rastafarianism: An Overview). The Rastafarian religion is a blend of the purest forms of Judaism and Christianity. During the reign of King Solomon, Queen Makeba ruled the empire of Sheba. The empire of Sheba spanned out across Ethiopia, Egypt, and parts of Persia (Salewicz Rastafari). When Queen Makeba came to visit King Solomon, the wise wealthy ruler of Jerusalem, he converted her beliefs to the God of Abraham. Before this time, she worshipped the sun god Ra. Queen Makeba changedRead MoreEssay about Malcolm X2055 Words   |  9 PagesRebellion in colonial Kenya, framing both of these movements as uprisings of the darker races creating a tidal wave against U.S. and European imperialism. Indeed, Africa remained his primary political interest outside of black America. He toured Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, and Ghana in 1959, well before his famous trip to Africa and the Middle East in 1964. Although Malcolm tried to conceal his differences with Elijah Muhammad, tensions between them erupted. The tensions were exacerbatedRead MoreCultural Erasure5591 Words   |  23 PagesEstudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 79, octubre de 2005 | 129 London, Berlin or Toronto is really a twice-migrant; first from Africa and second from the Caribbean. The connection to an African home is the centrepiece of much contemporary Afrocentric politics, but that connection is largely mythical and imagined, although many commentators seem willing to forget this fact. This speaks directly to the idea of home and belonging as articulated by two unapologetic Afrocentrists, Ian Smart andRead MoreMalcolm X : An American Muslim Minister And Human Rights Activist6464 Words   |  26 PagesMuhammad, and after his journey to Mecca in 1964 he visited Africa a second time. He returned to the United States in late May and flew to Africa again in July. During these visits he met officials, gave interviews, and spoke on radio and television in Egypt, Ethiopia, Tanganyika, Nigeria, Ghana, Guinea, Sudan, Senegal, Liberia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Cairo, he attended the second meeting of the Organization of African Unity as a representative of the Organization of Afro-American Unity. By the end of

Essay Atticus Finch free essay sample

It is safe to say that a lot of the time, majority rules. In the town of Maycomb, from Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mocking Bird, Atticus Finch does not fit into the majority. Throughout the novel he is mocked and constantly challenged due to his strong morals. In fact, Atticus Finch’s morals are the complete opposite of the majority of Maycomb because Harper uses his character to raise the awareness of those around him. Atticus Finch represents many of the qualities of a good person in today’s society. Unfortunately, he is unique in this way because the morals of many of the other characters do not match his own. Atticus is challenged by his sister, Alexandra when they discussed the need for Calperia in his home. â€Å"†¦. â€Å" Bob Ewell and Atticus also have different standards. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" During this conflict, Atticus was able to keep his cool and does not respond with violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Atticus Finch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Atticus is respected as a lawyer and a responsible father but this respect is sometimes questioned. Even though the court appointed him to represent Tom Robinson, people still did not like the idea that Atticus actually cared about Tom getting a fair trial. They called him a â€Å"N-lover† and some people were even teasing his children, Scout and Jem about it. â€Å" â€Å" Atticus always made sure Scout and Jem acted respectfully and open-minded to everyone regardless of their color. â€Å".. ( 75) † Not only is Atticus different, he is a great influence on many and leaves a lasting impression.

Night By Elie Wiesel Essays (706 words) - Elie Wiesel,

Night By Elie Wiesel The Nazis caused more destruction than just killing innocent Jews, they destroyed their peace, God, and humanity. Elie Wiesel's Night, illustrates that by telling his experience in the concentration camps. Elie begins to question his strong feelings for God. He is left only with is memory of having privacy and peace as he did in Sighet. Elie loses his respect of being treated as a human rather than an animal. The experience of Night is fatal to Elie as it destroys his peace, his God, and his humanity. Elie's faith for God weakens more and more. In the beginning, Elie's love for the Lord is very powerful. ?During the day, I studied Talmud, and at night, I run to the synagogue to weep over the destruction of the temple. (1)? Elie practices Judaism every day by going to the synagogue where he prays. Elie first sees the crematories and the ditches that were deaths to so many Jews. ?For the first time, I felt revolt rise up in me. Why should I bless his name? The eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-powerful and Terrible was silent. What had I to thank him for? (31)? Elie is unsure about God and what he is doing to them. Elie is finally convinced that God has given up on him. ?I felt very strong. I was the accuser, God the accused. My eyes were open and terribly alone in the world without God and without man. (65)? Elie no longer relies on God. He is on his own. By the end of the book, Elie's faith for God has been so watered down, and it will take him a long time to regain that fait h. In the beginning of the book, Elie and his family lived undisturbed and very peacefully. ?A wind of calmness and reassurance blew through our houses. (7)? Elie and his family had their own personal space and just went with the flow. When Elie arrives at the camps, he soon realizes that it won't be like at home at all. ?Even if you were simply passing from one to the other, several times a day, you still had to go through the baths every time. (38)? Elie knew he would no longer have any privacy and peace as he is used to. Near the end of the book, Elie witnesses a boy name Juliek who had brought his violin with him because he loved playing so much. ?When I awake, in the daylight, I could see Juliek, opposite me, slumped over, dead, near him lay his violin, smashed, trampled, a strange overwhelming little corpse. (47)? Elie is only left with the memory of happiness of his life in Sighet and his peace has been completely destroyed. Elie's lifestyle has a very drastic change from when he was living in Sighet to when he was at the death camps. Elie and his family celebrate the Jewish holiday, Passover. ?We drank, we ate, we sang. The bible bade us rejoice during the seven days of the feast to be happy. (8)? He is able to honor this Jewish holiday like any other normal holiday as he always does for Jewish tradition. When they arrive at the concentration camp, Elie begins to realize that he will no longer be treated as he is at home. ?Strip! Fast! Los! Keep only your belts and shoes in your hand?(32)? When the Nazis tell him to do something, then it'd to be done even if it violates his humanity. The Nazi's not only handles the Jews dead bodies like animals, but also the other prisoners don't think much of the dead bodies either. ?'Throw out all the dead! All corpses outside!' The living rejoiced because there was more room.? As the Jews die, they are thrown out of the train like they are logs. Not only did the Nazis take Elie's humanity away, but also Elie take the humanity away from the other prisoners. The concentration camps affected everybody in every way, not just death. The Nazi's stripped all of the Jews of humanity. The experience of Night is fatal to Elie as it destroys his peace, his God, and his humanity. Book Reports

Systems Thinking On Organizations Example

Systems Thinking On Organizations Example Systems Thinking On Organizations – Coursework Example SYSTEMS THINKING ON ORGANIZATIONS Systems thinking in healthcare Systems thinking are a technique to an analysis which focuses on the manner in which the constituent parts of a system interrelate. In addition, how the systems function in the context of systems that are large (De Savigny & Adam, 2009). In an organization, a system consists of parts. Every part can have an effect on the way other parts do work. In addition, the manner in which all the parts work in uniform will decide how the system will operate. The internal and external environments within which health systems function have become very complex and dynamic. Such dynamism and complexity lead to opportunities and problems and needs systems that are responsive to adapt to the changes. Systems thinking enable managers in the health system to conquer the helplessness feelings when they meet problems that are complex. It offers them with the required tools to influence, analyze, and understand the performance of the systems they are struggling to develop (Kitson, 2009). On the other hand, the systems thinking have various drawbacks. In the health system, it is frequently observed that the dynamic and complex systems are very sensitive to the commencing conditions. Therefore, the system is not likely to carry out the analysis, as it is required. The other drawback is that the systems thinking operates on the principle that one must have an idea of how the numerous components of the health care interact. In addition, one can only solve the shortcomings by looking into the relationship that exists between the elements. The problem is that most managers in the healthcare assume they are aware of the relationship of which it is not the case (Begun, Zimmerman & Dooley, 2003).ReferencesBegun, J. W., Zimmerman, B., & Dooley, K. (2003). Health care organizations as complex adaptive systems. Advances in health care organization theory, 253, 288.De Savigny, D., & Adam, T. (Eds.). (2009). Systems thinking for he alth systems strengthening. World Health Organization.Kitson, A. L. (2009). The need for systems change: reflections on knowledge translation and organizational change. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(1), 217-228.

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis

Anna Freud, Founder of Child Psychoanalysis Anna Freud was the daughter of Sigmund Freud. While her father was a giant in the field of psychology, Anna Freud was an accomplished psychologist in her own right. She was the founder of child psychoanalysis and extended and further refined her father’s ideas about defense mechanisms. Fast Facts: Anna Freud Known For: Founding child psychoanalysis and work on ego’s defense mechanismsBorn: December 3, 1895 in Vienna, AustriaDied: October 9, 1982 in London, EnglandParents: Sigmund Freud and Martha BernaysKey Accomplishments: Chairman of the Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society (1925-1928); Honorary President of the International Psychoanalytical Association (1973-1982); Founder of the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic (1952, now known as the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families) Early Life Anna Freud was born in 1895 in Vienna, Austria. She was the youngest of six children born to Sigmund Freud and his wife, Martha Bernays. She did not have a good relationship with her mother and was distant from her five siblings, especially her sister Sophie, who she felt was a rival for her father’s attention. However, she was close to her father. Sigmund Freud, fourth from left, sits at an elegant dining table with the rest of his family, including his daughter Anna, far right. Corbis/VCG via Getty Images / Getty Images Anna Freud graduated from Cottage Lyceum in 1912. While she didn’t go on to higher education, she claimed that she learned more at home from her father and his colleagues than she ever did at school. And, of course, Anna Freud had unparalleled access to information on psychoanalysis, which would eventually enable her to become an important voice in the field. Career In 1917, Anna Freud took a job as a primary school teacher. She also started to undergo psychoanalysis with her father- a practice that would be considered unusual today but was more common at the time. In 1923, Anna Freud started her own psychoanalytic practice focusing specifically on children. This was also the year that her father was diagnosed with cancer and Anna became his caretaker. Shortly afterwards, Anna Freud started teaching at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. Then in 1927, she became the Secretary for the International Psychoanalytic Association, and in 1935, the director of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute. The following year she published her best-known work, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, which expanded on her father’s ideas about defenses and the ways the ego works to protect itself. In 1938, when the Nazi threat became too great, Anna and Sigmund Freud fled Vienna and settled in London. World War II started there in 1939. Sigmund Freud died a few weeks later. Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) (second right) arrives in Paris after leaving Vienna en route to London, Paris, France, June 1938. He is accompanied by his daughter Anna (1895 - 1982) (left), wife of Prince George of Greece, Marie Bonaparte (1882 - 1962) (second left), and her son Prince Peter of Greece (1908 - 1980) (right). Pictorial Parade / Getty Images During her early years in England, Freud found herself in conflict with Melanie Klein, another psychoanalyst who was also formulating techniques to use with children. Freud and Klein differed on key points about child development, which led to their different approaches to analysis. In order to resolve the disagreement, they engaged in a series of â€Å"Controversial Discussions† that ended with the British Psychoanalytical Society forming training courses for both perspectives.   In 1941, Anna Freud opened The Hampstead War Nurseries with her friend Dorothy Burlingham. There, they cared for children who had been separated from their families due to the war and documented the children’s responses to the stress of being separated from their parents. After closing the nursery at the end of the war, Freud founded the Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic in 1952. She was its director until her death in London in 1982.   Contributions to Psychology Freud was a pioneer of child psychoanalysis. She developed new techniques to help children, as she found they required different psychological treatments than adults.  She also pointed out that the symptom’s exhibited by children varied from those displayed by adults. She suggested this was a result of children’s developmental stages. In addition, her work on the ego’s defense mechanisms is still considered seminal. It was a major contribution to both ego psychology and adolescent psychology. Freud said repression, the unconscious suppression of impulses that could be problematic if they were acted upon, was the principle defense mechanism. She also detailed a number of other defense mechanisms, including denial, projection, and displacement. Key Works Freud, Anna. (1936). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense.Freud, Anna. (1965). Normality and Pathology in Childhood: Assessments of Development.Freud, Anna. (1966-1980). The Writing of Anna Freud: 8 Volumes. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Anna Freud Biography (1895-1982).† Verywell Mind, 11 November 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/anna-freud-biography-1895-1982-2795536GoodTherapy. â€Å"Anna Freud (1895-1982).† 14 July 2015. https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/anna-freud.htmlSandler, Anna Marie. Anna Freud. British Psychoanalytical Society, 2015. https://psychoanalysis.org.uk/our-authors-and-theorists/anna-freudSmirle, Corinne. Profile of Anna Freud. Psychologys Feminist Voices Multimedia Internet Archive, edited by In A. Rutherford. feministvoices.com/anna-freud/Sigmund Freud Museum. Vita Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/en/sigmund-and-anna-freud/vita-anna-freud.html  Sigmund Freud Museum. Biography Anna Freud. https://www.freud-museum.at/files/inhalte/dokumente/en/anna_freud_biopgraphy_eng_pdf.pdfThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Anna Freud: Austrian-British Psychoanalyst.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, 29 November 2018. https://www.britann ica.com/biography/Anna-Freud

Read the following excerpt from Aristotle's Poetics and discuss the Essay

Read the following excerpt from Aristotle's Poetics and discuss the respects in which the Medea adheres to his guidelines and - Essay Example *** The Third Episode of Medea contains all the elements necessary, from Aristotle’s point of view, for a play to be called a tragedy. Among others these include, Jason’s mimesis, dialogues, structure of the plot, peripeteia. Another evidence of tragedian character of Euripides’ play is a scene of pain. In the Third Episode we can see the mimesis when Medea repeats Jason’s wrong doings in burning desire to revenge on him and make him suffer. She makes a plan how to force Jason to suffer as much as Medea did felt when he has broken his oath. So here we can observe one of the main elements of a tragedy according to Aristotle. Another key element of a classical tragedy is dialogue, which Medea uses when speaking to Aegeus and asking him to â€Å"Swear by the Earth on which you tread/Swear by the Sun, my father’s father dread/Swear by every god and godhead† to always defend her. This utterance is a dialogue as it said in a highly poetic, elevated tone. Peripeteia of this tragedy also purely corresponds to Aristotle’s requirements stated in the Poetics. ... In Euripides' tragedy there is too much suffering, due to this reason Aristotle called Euripides the most tragic of the playwrights. Here we can observe sufferings when Jason sees his sons’ blood seeping from under the door. It was Medea’s plane to make him suffer – with this purpose she killed her children, the only part of Jason she still had. She wanted to get rid of him completely and at the same time to make him feel grief and agony. The Third Episode of the tragedy shows vividly all the elements in which Euripides’ Medea adheres to Aristotle’s guidelines. So, Medea represents a classic tragedy and can be taken as an example for analysis. In spite of the fact that Aristotle himself considered Medea to be one of the best samples of classical tragedy, Euripides’ masterpiece contains a few elements which do not satisfy Aristotle’s views. For example, Aristotle reproached Euripides for partiality to the method of "God from the machine †, which consists in the fact that the denouement does not escape from the plot, but is achieved with god’s help. Aristotle wrote: â€Å"... the denouement of the plot should follow from the plot, but not, as in Medea, through the machine.† And if the denouement of the conflict so often required the sudden appearance of supernatural forces, then it was not due to Euripides’ inability to find a more convincing composite course, but due to the fact that the poet had not seen in contemporary world solutions for many intricate human affairs. The poet is abhorrent to every theatrical convention. According to Aristotle, a real tragedy, arousing in the viewer sympathy and fear, makes discharging of these affects, directing them into