Sample Essay on Whats My Story - How to Write an Essay and Copy it to Help Your Career

Sample Essay on What's My Story - How to Write an Essay and Copy it to Help Your CareerSample Essay on What's My Story is a resource that may come in handy for you. The sample essay is very simple and easy to follow. Even a child can write an essay in short amounts of time. This is very beneficial especially for those who have tried their hand at writing an essay but could not make any headway in the field of essays.The concept of such lengthy essays may seem scary for some people but with just a little help from a sample, they will be able to understand how long such essays can be. There are so many reasons for which they require such help. Here are some reasons why you need a sample:- When you are doing a short form essay, a sample can come in handy for knowing the proper format of such a composition. Just copy and paste the sample into your website to know how the passage should look like. This will save you from embarrassing in front of your friends who love to read such essays.- This is a way of saving some money as well. You can do a little research by visiting some websites where they provide free sample essays. Just make sure that the samples are done by students who are relatively fresh in this field. But some sites might offer these samples for free, just make sure that you know about it before paying.- After getting the proper help, you can revise your original essay and polish it for submission. The sample essay will guide you for perfecting your writing so that it becomes a masterpiece. Remember that these samples are useful in helping you immensely so that you can impress the judges.- Such essays can act as help in figuring out the academic credits you get if you submit them for the award. Also, they are used for teaching purpose.These are some of the reasons why you should use these samples for writing of such essays. Just ensure that the samples are done by persons who are relatively new in this field.

Report on the Misuse of Drugs in Primary Schools Essay Example

Report on the Misuse of Drugs in Primary Schools Essay There is a misconception among the general populace that the misuse of drugs only exists among young people aged 16-25. It is believed that primary school children are too young to have been exposed to the world of controlled substances and their misuse. As a result of this, parents may be unaware that their actions can affect the actions of their children in future. Many children of primary school age are greatly influenced by the substances surrounding them every day. Perhaps a family member has a medical problem, someone is addicted to their medication, to other thrill-seeking substances or they smoke or drink. Even legal substance use can arguably influence a young child and other children they come into contact with. Sir Liam Donaldson claims in his report on alcohol consumption by children (2009, p.23) that, Parental use of alcohol increases the likelihood that children will also consume alcohol. If a child is likely to start drinking and/or smoking at an earlier stage because their environment exposes more of that legal substance, it is a logical assumption that the same is true for illegal substances. It is common knowledge that a pregnant mother who smokes, drinks alcohol or takes drugs creates a high likelihood that the unborn child will be born addicted to those substances. Although young children are no longer biologically linked to their mother in the same way, the same likelihood of addiction and experimentation is surely generated through nurture. Issues Despite misconceptions that all children of primary school age are too young to get involved in substance misuse, statistics indicate that Primary school children as young as nine are part of more than 50,000 children picked up by police for possessing illegal substances every year. (HANNAM, 2006). In another report on the knowledge and use of drugs and alcohol in primary school children by Queens University Belfast: The researchers found that 31% of the children had been exposed to illegal drugs while 9% had actually been offered them. Cannabis was the most commonly used illegal drug and while around 6.5% of the sample had tried it, others thought it was legal and not harmful. (MCCRYSTAL, 2004) We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the Misuse of Drugs in Primary Schools specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the Misuse of Drugs in Primary Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the Misuse of Drugs in Primary Schools specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This evidence clearly shows that young children do get involved with drugs and other substances. It also indicates that there is a significant lack of knowledge and understanding when it comes to substances that young children are more likely than anticipated to come into contact with. Evidently, drug education in primary schools does not achieve all it was intended for. This issue is increased by the lack of knowledge and the attitude of adults towards substance abuse within a childs environment. An evaluation on parents knowledge of their childs drug use carried out by Hermida et al (2003) found that parents with children who consume drugs tend to strongly underestimate their childrens use. Parents are therefore unaware of the need to be mindful of the possibility of their childrens experimentation with drugs. Information from Great Olmond Street Hospital (2009) also states by age 11, a third of children will have experimented with smoking. These facts reveal the need for awareness among adults and greater efforts to prevent such statistics. A further issue on drug misuse among primary school aged children is arguably the accessibility. According to TACADE / Health Education Council, (1986, Unit 1, Sheet 1), substances are available freely within the home, school and general environment. Statistics of alcohol consumption, for example, which in the report by McCrystal (2004, p.15) said that over 25% of primary school boys and over 15% of girls had drunk more than a sip of alcohol in the last 7 days, there is an ease with which children can access alcohol. Misuse of alcohol can also lead to other substance misuse such as cannabis, the most common and most accessible for young people under 18; Alcohol use in childhood and adolescence is associated with cannabis use. (DONALDSON, 2009, p.70). Alcohol is often obtained by younger children from older friends, siblings and even parents, whether this is just a sip or full access to a drinks cabinet. Children may not be so keen on larger and beer, however the cheap and sweet taste of alcopops are easy to like because children cannot taste the alcohol inside. Cigarettes are also easily accessible by young people. McCrystals report (2004, p.15) also covered tobacco use between 9-11 year olds stating that 1% were current smokers while up to 12% of them said they had tried smoking at some time. Perhaps the education for the prevention of substance misuse does not put enough emphasis on the illegality of the use of alcohol and tobacco by people under 18 years of age. Perhaps there is not enough emphasis on the danger these substances can cause to the young, developing body. Also an influence on childrens substance misuse is a childs home environment. Research has shown that children who come from broken homes and Looked After Children are more likely to be exposed to substance misuse than are other young people (NATIONAL ASSEMBLY FOR WALES, 2002). Easy access to drugs, alcohol and tobacco increases the likelihood of children starting to misuse the substances earlier in life. Finally, an important issue of drug misuse by primary school children is the effect it has on their own and other childrens futures. Children influenced by family and friends misuse of substances and misusing substances themselves experience repercussions on their own education and their future relationships: Initiation of drinking prior to age 14 has been shown to be associated with a number of risk factors including having experienced alcohol-related injuries, involvement in violent behaviours and suicide ideation and attempts. Early onset of drinking is also associated with having more sexual partners and pregnancy, other substance abuse, employment problems and risky driving behaviours. (DONALDSON, 2009, p.57) Childrens futures (short and the long term) are greatly affected if they get involved or are exposed to substances. Children involved in drinking and drug abuse are more likely to develop health problems earlier in life (as it does with all ages) but it could increase susceptibility to conditions such as depression, which, in turn, can lead to further substance abuse. Children who smoke are also likely to develop health problems at an earlier age but are also arguably in a position to be encouraged to skip school and become addicted to more dangerous substances such as cannabis. Missing out on education at an early age could have more serious consequences than later in life as primary school children are at a critical point in their education and may fall too far behind to catch up to their peers. Personal View My personal view identifies awareness as the key to preventing and dealing with such issues. The National Curriculum aims to provide enough information on the potential risks of legal and illegal substance use for children to be able to make positive health choices. In Key Stage 2, children learn to take increasing responsibility for keeping the mind and body safe and healthy and to understand the harmful effects, both to themselves and others, of tobacco, alcohol and other legal and illegal substances. (DFES, 2008, p.18). However, I think that these objectives are too vague and do not give enough knowledge and understanding about drugs and medicines. Children do not seem to be aware of the damage they are risking to themselves and others and appear to underestimate the repercussions the misuse of substances may cause. Schools have a key role to play in ensuring that young people understand the risks involved and have the confidence, knowledge and skills to avoid them (MANN, 2004, p. 2) My opinion is that awareness is vitally important in educating parents and teachers. The adults within a childs life need to be able to recognise signs and take appropriate action to discourage and to help children who might or are experimenting with substances. By educating adults as well as children, the responsibility can be shared. Adults need to be aware of their own actions and the consequences that may include the influence on a child. Teachers also play an important part in influencing and educating children. If teachers can approach the subject of drugs from a health context in a sensitive and thorough manner, then the school can make a positive contribution. (TACADE / HEALTH EDUCATION COUNCIL, 1986, Unit 3, Sheet 1). It is an increase in awareness that is likely to increase difficulty for children to access tobacco, alcohol and drugs. However, there is a limit to the legislation that can be put into place without violating the rights of those that are legally authorized to access a substance. It is almost impossible therefore, to stop those who have prescriptions for medication and who are of a legal age to purchase alcohol and tobacco from passing them on to children. Drug Education is often based around the shock horror principle which is effective, but only for a short time. The theory being that seeing the films and photographs of the consequences will discourage all curiosity to experiment. However, Emmeett and Nice (2008, p.12) argue that children are interested by the approach and that in some cases this fascination may even have led directly to experimentation. Therefore education needs to be carefully and frequently reviewed as to whether the intended results are what have been achieved along with childrens future intentions and attitudes. Conclusion * Children today are getting involved in the misuse of substances from an increasingly younger age. * Statistics show how adults can be very mistaken about the experiences of primary school aged children. The common misconception that younger children do not come into contact with substances leads to the lack of attention paid to the situation which could escalate it. * Education is given on substance use and the risks it involves, however, drug education in the primary school needs to be developed and increased. Further education needs to be more available to parents and teachers for supporting their child and ensuring their well-being as far as possible. * While some substances are very accessible, greater awareness in communities could serve to restrict young children from acquiring them so easily. * The less children that are influenced by and exposed to frequent substance use or misuse and instead correctly and sensitively educated, the more children will reach their teenage years with the knowledge, skills and understanding to face the decisions they are certain to encounter.

A hero of tragedy must evoke the audiences with a sense of pity and fear Essays

A hero of tragedy must evoke the audiences with a sense of pity and fear Essays A hero of tragedy must evoke the audiences with a sense of pity and fear Paper A hero of tragedy must evoke the audiences with a sense of pity and fear Paper Othello fulfils the criteria of a domestic tragedy as it focus on the marital relationship between Othello and his wife, Desdemona. Shakespeare follows patterns of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy which enables him to elicit â€Å"pity† and â€Å"fear†. For example the tragic hero is a man of noble rank, he reaches pinnacle of happiness and worldly success. In Act II, with his position as commander of Cyprus and reunion with his wife Desdemona: Othello proclaims to Desdemona and those gathered in Cyprus: â€Å"If I were to die to die, ‘Twere now to be most happy; ( Act II.i.181-182) His hyperbolic speech conveys Othello’s happiness, as it is at its peak at this point in the play. His tragic flaw however, leads to reversal of fortune (peripeteia). Othello’s tragic flaw is manifested as his gullibility, by his â€Å"free and open nature†, that Iago exploits to bring about Othello’s down fall, creating â€Å"pity† and â€Å"fear† which is elicited during the play. After Othello’s death, order is restored in the end, leaving the audiences to experience catharsis and feel a sense of loss, just as Aristotle intended it to be. The portrayal of Othello in Act I is juxtaposed to the Othello in Act III and IV, he is very different, he is portrayed as a physical and psychological wreck. Whereas in Act, Othello is afforded epithets, such as â€Å"valiant† and â€Å"noble moor: the use of the hyperbole creates a heroic tone, enabling the audience to identify Othello as the tragic hero. Othello fits the first criteria of an Aristotle theory of tragedy, a man of noble character, in Act I and II. However through Iago’s gulling, Othello begins to lose control, which is shown through his language â€Å"Zounds.† He becomes crude in his language like Iago. He exclaims â€Å"Goats and Monkey† echoing Iago’s earlier words: â€Å" Were they as prime as goats, as hot as moneys, As salt as wolves in pride, and fools as gross As ignorance made drunk. This portrays Othello’s peripeteia, following his harmatia ; his trust in the opportunist Iago which elicits â€Å"pity and fear†. The fact Othello uses taboo blasphemous language reflects the Jacobean perception of typical moor. At this point on stage, Shakespeare is conveying the stereotypical image of moor; a savage black man. One could say Shakespeare was using such a portrayal to please and entertain his racist audience. Or Shakespeare’s purpose could have been to educate his audience about how Othello’s tragic flaw can cause jealousy to unravel the â€Å"green eyed –monster†, which consumes Othello’s noble character and evokes â€Å"pity† and â€Å"fear†. As Othello deteriorates, his jealousy, anger and subsequent thirst for revenge is reflected in his language. Othellos own words seem to prophesy his downfall: †¦perdition catch my soul But I do love thee! And when I love thee not . Chaos is come again., III.3.90-92) This is the first time Othello’s admitted vulnerability to Iago, the Machiavellian. At this point Othello loves Desdemona unequivocally but ironically his words foreshadow the â€Å"Chaos† to come. The audience know Iago’ has hatched a plan to â€Å"turn her virtue into, pitch† and â€Å"emesh them all† (II.iii.329) .This rising fear, prepares the audience to predict inevitable events â€Å"chaos.† Act III scene iii, also known as temptation scene; it is here that Othello begins to disintegrate; his peripeteia comes with the relentless pressure placed on him by Iago. At this point the fear evoked from the audience as the equilibrium of Act II deteriorates into â€Å"Chaos†. Othello’s inter-racial marriage with Desdemona was frowned upon in sixteenth century. At the time interracial marriage were considered unnatural and immoral act. Even the sixth president of America, John Quincy Adams regarded this marriage as: ‘The great moral lesson of Othello [Shows] black and white blood cannot be intermingled in marriage without a gross outrage upon the law of Nature.’ I disagree with this critic, it is a lack of Christian morals of the characters (Iago, Barbantio and Roderigo) that has made Othello seem like an outsider, resulting in this â€Å"outrage to occur. For instance the hostile environment has forced Othello to trust â€Å"honest Iago†. Iago abuses Othello’s trust makes him feel racially inferior. We feel pity for Othello has he is alienated from the great dignitaries of Venice as well as his wife. Perhaps this is why Othello’s rude behaviour is justified in Act IV onwards as he is black man responding to racism [Actor Patrick Stewart]. In Act I, Othello responds to racism in non-passive approach, through eloquent dialect â€Å"pardon me†, However in Act Iv Othello feels racially inferior, alienated and loses control and responds in aggressive manner â€Å"strumpet† . I think his behaviour is justified as he unaware of the real situation, and feels alienated. As the play progresses and Iago’s machinations and plans take shape, Othello’s speech declines from prose to verse; he speaks in broken sentences: â€Å" Lies with Her? Lie on her? we say lie on they belie on her. (IV.1.135-136) The structure of Othello speech signifies that Othello is not in right state of his mind; his speech is quick paced and lacks coherence reflecting his â€Å"broken† mind. Even Desdemona has noticed the poignant change in the Othello â€Å"my lord is not my lord†. This begins to create â€Å"pity and fear† for Desdemona, she is too naive to realise his jealousy. The audience feel great pity for Desdemona and fear Othello as he [strikes her]. The stage directions play an important role. Dramatists have often portrayed Desdemona being thrown dramatically and her cheeks appearing bright red. The eponymous hero at this point could be seen eponymous villain, as begins adopt anti- hero like qualities. For instance Othello â€Å"be whoring† of Desdemona, the slap in public follows his vow to â€Å"chop her into messes†; such a change indicates the pollution Iago has created in his mind. This highlights the chaos emerging and destruction of order, inspiring pity and fear Desdemona as well for Othello. The fact that Shakespeare initially portrayed Othello as honourable and brave amplifies his peripetia; and reduction to a mad vengeful, abusive husband and incoherent speaker, all due to Iago’s influence. Othello’s incoherence ramblings reveal his jealous and confusion, culminating in a physical and emotional breakdown at his lowest point he falls into epilepsy. His noble character is abolished through Iago â€Å"pour pestilence into his ear. The metaphorical â€Å"poison† Iago use to â€Å"pour† in Othello’s ear is symbolic of Iago’s nature, to destruct and to kill. We feel pity for Othello as Iago â€Å"poison† is metaphorically killing him. The handkerchief is a useful prop that provides â€Å"ocular proof.† The â€Å"handkerchief†, was seen as a romantic token of love, in sixteenth century and in the play it was Othello first gift to Desdemona. The fact Desdemona does not have the handkerchief turns Othello’s doubt into certainty. Othello values the handkerchief and Iago takes advantage of this and makes malicious use of the handkerchief: Her Honour is an essence that’s not seen: They have it very oft that have it not. But for the handkerchief- (Act IV.1.16-18) Although his tragic flaw will precipitate his inevitable downfall, it is the cruelty of Iago that results in this. Iago exploits Othello’s insecurities. He relates â€Å"her honour to the â€Å"handkerchief†, enabling him to subtly plot an honour killing in Othello’s mind. This infers Othello is much more self-conscious about his honour then Desdemona fidelity, because in Venetians and Renaissance society a man’s honour was closely linked to his wife’s behaviour. Iago will use this insecurity to gain control over Othello. Iago’s lies are so successful that it results Othello echoing his words â€Å"handkerchief† ( Act IV.1.22). This attitude of Othello elicits the audience’s pity. In addition Desdemona’s lie about the handkerchief â€Å"It is not lost â€Å"[Act III . IV.79], forces the audience to lose sympathy with her as they did with Othello in Act III, as it could be seen that she was partially responsible for her own death. This act gives Iago luck, allowing him to present handkerchief as â€Å"ocular proof† to Othello. Although it may been seen that Desdemona is partly responsible for this outcome, we can also infer that Othello ‘s hubris ; his arrogance and belief in Iago has prevented him to confront Desdemona. The society at the time, believed that men were superior to women. Perhaps such a great general and man of authority believed it was beneath him to directly ask about Desdemona infidelity. It is not only Othello that evokes fear, Iago’ s soliloquies can also create fear in the audience. They illustrate his true motives; his soliloquies support the theme of deception, â€Å"I am not what I am† the declarative allows the audience to see a Machiavellian character emerge. It also infers Iago has duplicitous nature. The Audiences will fear Iago as he presented as dangerous figure. Also this statement mimics the Biblical God; in exodus God says â€Å"I am what I am†; and just like a god, Iago controls the dynamics of the play. The monosyllabic declarative create suspense as well as anticipation, as we are unaware of his abilities. The fact that he is referred to â€Å"Honest Iago† creates dramatic irony, as the audience are aware of his duplicitous nature and the characters on stage are not. Desdemona is â€Å"honest† to Othello, she remains faithful, and her innocence is juxtaposed in his perception of her character as the â€Å"whore of Venice†. The use of ironies evokes the audience to feel pity for Desdemona, as she the helpless victim. They also feel pity for Othello as he being manipulated. The final scene of Othello is very cathartic. It purges emotions, as the audience feel both â€Å"pity† and â€Å"fear† for both Desdemona and Othello. We feel there is a sense of waste and loss. The deaths of Desdemona, Othello and Emilia were â€Å"unnecessary†, because these characters were innocent puppets of Iago’s game. Othello briefly returns to his former glory through his Ananogrosis O fool [ActV.ii.320], he regains his dignity returns to speak in former figurative language â€Å"Drops tears as fast as the Arabian trees†. In my opinion, Othello suicide was way to redeem him. The sense of loss in the play is profound by evoking â€Å"pity and fear.† Reference jstor.org/stable/3122719

Pros and cons of death penelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros and cons of death penelty - Research Paper Example s a legal sentence that acts as a strong deterrence to the criminals who seldom desist from committing crime and are used to committing such heinous crimes such as murder and killing (Hood 211). The provision of death penalty scares away the people from engaging in such serious and inhuman crimes like murder and killing. It protects the society from the serious criminals who are incapable of mending their ways. It is a final resort against such criminals who are incapable of correcting their criminal tendencies. (2) The one other advantage of death penalty is that it assures that a criminal gets full and complete justice. Since the consequences of death penalty are irreversible, the legal system looks to it that the varied aspects of a crime are seriously considered before an individual is given a death penalty (Hood 179). (3) It is the duty of the criminal justice system to look to it that a criminal gets appropriately punished for the heinous crime committed by one. The provision of death penalty assures that a criminal gets suitably and appropriately punished in consonance with the inhumanity and gravity of the crime committed by one (Anckar 59). (4) Death penalty is also appropriate as it brings a sense of final closure to the family members and friends of the victims who are subjected to serious crimes. It gives a sense of solace to their families that the justice has been met with in a suitable and time bound manner (Anckar 119). (ca) The one big objection against death penalty is that it is deemed to be inhuman and immoral (Haines 62). It is owing to the inhuman and immoral nature of the death penalty that this legal provision has been banned in Europe and in many other nations. (cc) One other objection against death penalty is that it is highly susceptible to the quality and fairness of a trial (Haines 172). In case the trial in the case of a prisoner is not fairly conducted, it may subject one to a situation, the consequences of which can never be

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater Essay

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater - Essay Example After attending the grand performance by the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra at Count Basie Theater in Red Bank, leftover emotions and higher appreciation for the plight of the orchestra remained long after the event. Enjoyment of the symphony was certainly not limited to the more obvious elements of music such as tempo and style, the performance was pounded out by a host of talented musicians who furiously engaged the audience with competent instruments. The performance included Tchaikovsky – Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 which was a rather brilliantly executed in a rather unique tempo with both conductor and musician working incredibly hard to focus attention on powerful percussion. Neeme Jarvi, the conductor, was rather violent in his obligations, which served to draw audience focus away from the instruments so as to see the passion Jarvi obviously has for music and the symphony. My traditional history with the symphony had rarely illustrated such an active conductor, which I believe made this particular series of performances more captivating. Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg was the soloist violin at Count Basie Theater, who managed to work the crowd into somewhat of a frenzy with her unique style.

Nursing A Patient Receiving Ostomy Surgery Nursing Essay

Nursing A Patient Receiving Ostomy Surgery Nursing Essay Various gastrointestinal and genitourinary etiologies may need the creation of urinary or fecal diversion. These may include inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, intestinal obstruction, colon-rectal cancer, gynecological cancers and gastrointestinal trauma (Beitz, 2004). Indications for coming up with the urinary stoma include; neurogenic bladder, bladder cancer, refractory radiation cystitis and interstitial cystitis. The cause of the disease will determine if the condition will be a temporary or permanent one (Thomas and McGinnis 2004). Among various types of surgically created ostomies, colostomy involves the opening made on the large intestine to allow for the passage of stool. The location of colostomy can be in sigmoid, transverse or ascending position. In this case, surgical resection will ultimately determine the stool output consistency. Ileostomy is a surgical construction from the small intestine and it is located high in the gastrointestinal route hence the stool output is comparatively of high quantity and liquid consistency (Gordon and Vasilevsky, 2004). Ileal conduit or urostomy is made using a short portion of the ileum to assist in urine elimination. Ureters are connected to conduit to allow urine to flow out of the body into ostomy pouch through the stoma (McGinnis and Tomaselli, 2004). Whether the ostomy is temporary or permanent, nurses must posses the knowledge to give the patient and the family the necessary information to improve recovery and enable a positive experience when obtaining informati on about ostomy care. Patient education. Any patient who is scheduled for an ostomy surgery can experience a number of feelings like fear, anxiety, depression and loss of body image especially if the cause of the surgery is a diagnosis related to cancer. Pre operative teachings assist the patient by receiving these feelings and contribute to quick recovery of the patient (Oshea, 2001). A very important ingredient in the teaching procedure before the operation is the Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurse (WOCN). Counseling before the operation allows for the assessment of the patients knowledge about the disease, support systems, level of education, employment, physical activity involvement, financial concerns and hobbies. Assessment of any physical shortcomings is also necessary because poor manual dexterity, poor vision and loss of hearing may affect the patients ability to undertake ostomy self care. Patients spiritual and cultural beliefs should be also assessed because certain particular rituals concerning ostomy care may n eed to be taken in. Employing all these factors can assist the patient to recover successfully and feel confident in managing the condition (Oshea, 2001). WOCN reviews the cause of the disease, stoma characteristics, surgical procedure, peristomal skin care, dietary considerations and a variety of ostomy appliances. If appropriate teaching proceedings may enable the patient to have an insight of the ostomy pouching system. Use of teaching booklets and illustrations helps to improve the education. Another component of preoperative teaching is the stoma site marking. This is recommended for all who are set to undergo a permanent or temporary stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). A poorly located stoma on the patients abdomen can lead to peristomal skin complications, stool and urine leakage, stoma, emotional and physical stress for the patient. During stoma site marking, there is abdomen assessment with the patient in sitting standing and lying positions. Also the abdomen can be assessed for the skin folds, bony, creases, scars and prominences. Patients belt and line should be avoided from the stoma site and not affect any prosthetic devices. The stoma site should also be put in an area that the patient can visualize and access. Ideal stoma site is situated in the anal muscle that extends to symphysis from the xyphoid process (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Nursing education. In stoma assessment the patient must enter the operating room with the pouching system on stoma. Immediately after the operation the, a transparent pouch is recommended to enable the nurse to have a view of stoma characteristics and stool and urine presence (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Initially after the operation period, the stoma can appear edematous, red, shiny and moist. In general terms, the stoma is red to pink in color according to tissue that was used in construction. Brown to dark color may show stoma ischemia and the consultations must be made with the physician. The shape of the stoma ranges from round to oval. It changes its shape and size in a period of six to eight weeks after the surgery. Since the stoma decreases in size with time, the nurse must use a skin barrier that has been cut to fit to the stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). For the first six to eight weeks after the surgery, measurements of the stoma should be taken each time the barrier of the skin is changed. Measuring guides are provided to measure round stomas, oval stomas will need the length and width measurements of the stoma (Colwell, 2004). Lack of sphincter by the stoma to regulate the passage of urine or stool, then the opening should be placed near the center of the stoma to aid the flow of urine and stool (McCann, 2002). The stoma may not or may protrude out of the skin surface. Stomal protrusion vary from a flush stoma at the skin level to a moderate one which is about 1-3 cm in length (Erwin-Toth and Doughty, 2002). Actually, stoma protrusion should be at least 0.8 inches above the skin level (Colwell, 2004). Protruding stoma helps urine and stool to flow into the pouch directly. A flush stoma is not suitable because it can cause difficulties when skin barrier attaches to it and leakage of stool below the skin barrier leading to peristomal skin irritations. The stoma output is determined by the location of ostomy. The output resulting form the ascending colon produces a semi liquid consistency whereas the one from the transverse colon produces a semi-liquid to pasty consistency and the one located in a sigmoid or descending colon will be more of a solid stool (McCann, 2002). An Ileostomy stool output is constant and watery with a lot of digestive salt and digestive enzymes. At the initial postoperative stages, the stool may be greenish and thick. The stool output from Ileostomy range from 800-1,700 cc in one day (Colwell 2004). When the patient comes back to the regular diet, there is development of the stool consistency from the ileum and a reduced out put in a daily basis ranging from 500-800cc/day. With time the small intestines recovers and with a decrease in stool output (McCann, 2002). Urine is immediately produced after the surgery by the Ileal conduit stomas. It is usually normal for the urine to be blood-tinged after the operation. Also the small intestines produce mucous which may be seen in urine (Colwell, 2003). Peristomal skin care involves the protection of the peristomal from coming into contact with the urine and stool to stop the occurrence of peristomal skin complications. Skin barrier needs to be properly measured to suit the stoma. If the skin barrier opening is too large, urine or stool will cause irritation on the peristomal skin area. The opening should not be more than 2cm larger than the size of the stoma. Cleanliness of the peristomal skin can be done by gently using warm water then dry it. Moisturizing soaps must be avoided because they affect negatively the skin barrier attachment. Male patients need to be taught trimmed peristomal using electric razor, scissors and other safety devices in an outward manner from the stoma (McCann, 2002). When choosing the pouching system of the patient, the information that was gathered before the operation is heavily relied upon. Other factors to be considered include location of the stoma, its size and shape plus the anatomical location. Pouching system should give anticipated wear time and protect the underlying skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2003). Most of the pouching systems are designed in a way that the weight is light, easy to maintain and odor-proof (Colwell, Carmel and Goldberg, 2001). One of the most important components of the pouching systems is the skin barrier because it protects the peristomal skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2004). Skin barriers can be found in either cut-to fit or pre-cut product. The pre-cut models are meant for the round stomas. Barrier opening should fit stoma size to limit the probability of the urine and stool coming into contact with the peristomal skin. The cut-to fit models can be used in oval stomas or the ones which are irregular in shape. The cut-to fit barriers are the commonly recommended in initial postoperative stage because the size of the stoma will reduce for not less than six to eight weeks from the day the surgery was performed. A large skin barrier may cause peristomal skin problems resulting from the exposure to stool or urine (Colwell, 2004). Skin barrier wear time is necessary; the barriers are either classified as extended or standard. The difference between the two lies in their interaction with the moisture and the degree of affinity to the skin. The two barriers absorb the moisture. However, the extended model absorbs moisture slowly as compared to the standard model. This delays the erosion of the skin barrier (Colwell, 2003). Skin barriers have flat or convex shapes. At the back of a f lat barrier is one level surface while the convex one has an outward protrusion. Skin barriers are made with in-built convexity which is created by putting the ring into the barrier. The intention of the curve is to place pressure in a downward position to the peristomal skin to enable the stoma to protrude in an outward position (Colwell, 2003). Different convexity depths are referred to as deep, moderate and shallow. Generally convexity is used in stomas which are flat and retracted to minimize urine and stool leakage below the pouch. Also the convexity can be used in abdomens with skin folds or soft abdomens in peristomal skin (Colwell, 2004). Various ostomy pouching systems are available. It is therefore necessary to elaborate to the patient that the systems used in hospital after surgery may not be necessarily the system he or she will continue using after recovering from the operation. The following must be considered while selecting the ostomy pouching system; the ostoma size and shape, effluent type, presence or absence of abdominal folds and contours and the type of the ostomy. The patients manual and visual dexterity must be considered as well including day to day activities (Colwell, 2004). Pouches sealed to the barrier are categorized as a single piece, and systems that are connected to the skin barrier are seen as a double piece. A two piece pouch gives the patient the capacity to change or remove it without altering the skin barriers. Again it is easier to position the skin barrier at the middle of the stoma. One mechanism for making sure that a two piece pouch is closed is will ultimately depend on the ability of the patient to snap the pouch and the wafer together. Application of the pouch to the wafer will require the patient to be instructed so that he or she can listen to an audible click to make sure that the pouch is safe to the skin barrier.

Stability of a Sailing Kayak :: physics kayak sport sports

"Strippers" they are often called, relate to the method of boat building is old and well perfected. It basically involves setting up a series of molds and then wrapping strips of wood around them. More specifically, I'm mostly using the method outlined in the book Kayakcraft which is a great set of instructions for anyone wanting to take on this type of project. The wood for this boat is clear cedar that has been ripped into 3/4" x 1/4" strips. Each of those then get a concave and convex edge. This a great method because then each strip fits together perfectly at any angle seen on the plans. The molds and raised construction surface are all made of particle board. It's cheap and easy to work with but you have to make sure it doesn't get wet. You can see in the photo how the strips fit over the molds. Eventually, all the wood inside and out will be coated with a clear epoxy over fiberglass which ultimately will provide most of the strength and all of the water resistance. The sail plan is going to be quite simple but could consist of either 1 or 2 sails. Each option has its benefits. Dividing the load of the wind between two sails would lower their center of effort and therefore lower their leverage on the boat. But, these are fairly small sails to begin with and, aerodynamically, larger sails are generally more efficient. So while having two sails would increase my stability, having one would likely increase the performance. The option I will likely choose will be two large sails that can be easily reefed (or taken down). Then you could travel with one, or both if the wind was light. This problem can be thought of as one of rotational motion due to force. As the wind pushes on the sail, the buoyant force and keel mass push in the opposite direction. So, if we can define all of the forces acting on the system, we should be able to say something about how the boat will react at certain wind speeds. One problem in determining the wind speed necessary for capsize is the changing function of this system's center of mass, particularly the people inside. Most boat models involve boats that are much more massive than their passengers but mine will weigh around 75 lbs and carry 2 passengers. Stability of a Sailing Kayak :: physics kayak sport sports "Strippers" they are often called, relate to the method of boat building is old and well perfected. It basically involves setting up a series of molds and then wrapping strips of wood around them. More specifically, I'm mostly using the method outlined in the book Kayakcraft which is a great set of instructions for anyone wanting to take on this type of project. The wood for this boat is clear cedar that has been ripped into 3/4" x 1/4" strips. Each of those then get a concave and convex edge. This a great method because then each strip fits together perfectly at any angle seen on the plans. The molds and raised construction surface are all made of particle board. It's cheap and easy to work with but you have to make sure it doesn't get wet. You can see in the photo how the strips fit over the molds. Eventually, all the wood inside and out will be coated with a clear epoxy over fiberglass which ultimately will provide most of the strength and all of the water resistance. The sail plan is going to be quite simple but could consist of either 1 or 2 sails. Each option has its benefits. Dividing the load of the wind between two sails would lower their center of effort and therefore lower their leverage on the boat. But, these are fairly small sails to begin with and, aerodynamically, larger sails are generally more efficient. So while having two sails would increase my stability, having one would likely increase the performance. The option I will likely choose will be two large sails that can be easily reefed (or taken down). Then you could travel with one, or both if the wind was light. This problem can be thought of as one of rotational motion due to force. As the wind pushes on the sail, the buoyant force and keel mass push in the opposite direction. So, if we can define all of the forces acting on the system, we should be able to say something about how the boat will react at certain wind speeds. One problem in determining the wind speed necessary for capsize is the changing function of this system's center of mass, particularly the people inside. Most boat models involve boats that are much more massive than their passengers but mine will weigh around 75 lbs and carry 2 passengers.